My PM Interview - Product Manager Interview Question Answers

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Ultimate List of Product Management Interview Frameworks

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Ultimate List of Product Management Interview Frameworks

A complete list of Product Management Frameworks used in day to day Product Management Activities and Interviews by Senior PMs at FAANG

My PM Interview
Sep 13, 2020
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Ultimate List of Product Management Interview Frameworks

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Anyone coming new into this field of product management needs to have a structured way of thinking about things and the best way to do that is by using different frameworks. These frameworks are widely used by every product manager in their day-to-day product activities (sometimes unknowingly) and also during product manager interviews.

Now let‘s go deep and describe the different frameworks that can be used to detail out/structure all these.


To help you with your Product Manager interview preparations, we have compiled a complete list of the most asked Product Management Interview Questions and Answers at companies like Facebook, Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Netflix, etc. answered by PMs at FAANG.

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To understand Market -

1. Porters 5s:

A model proposed by Harvard business school professor, Michael Porter, on the competitive forces affecting a product or service. Porter’s Five Forces include the following components:

  • Threat of New Entry — Is there a barrier to entry?

  • Threat of Substitute — Are there competitors?

  • Power of Suppliers — Is the company heavily dependent on its suppliers?

  • Power of Buyers — Is the company heavily dependent on its buyer?

  • Market Rivalry — Is there rivalry among the competitors?


2. 5 Cs of Product Pricing:

What is the best price for your products or services? This 5 C’s framework helps you to determine the optimum price tag for your product.

  • Company — Your’s company’s SWOT Analysis, Strategy, Vision, and Infrastructure.

  • Competitors — Who are your competitors and what are they doing better?

  • Customers — Who are your customers and their needs and wants?

  • Collaborators/Channels — Your suppliers, distributors, partners, or any other enabler of your company.

  • Climate and Cost — Regulation, Tech Changes, Economic conditions, Cost of your product.


To understand Company:

1. SWOT Analysis:


A structured planning method to evaluate the strategic elements of a business, industry, or product to find its competitive advantage.
Internal Landscape — Strengths and Weaknesses.
External Landscape — Opportunity and Threat.

  • Strengths - Attributes that provide an advantage over other competitors.

  • Weaknesses - Attributes that provide a disadvantage relative to other competitors.

  • Opportunities - Elements that can be utilized to maximize advantages or trends.

  • Threats - Elements in the environment that can be an obstacle or risk to your business or product.

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2. Goals:

Understanding the company’s vision and mission.


3. 4 P’s (Marketing):

4 P’s framework help product manager & marketers in putting the right product in the right place, at the right price, at the right time.

  • Product — Your actual product.

  • Price — Create the perfect pricing, check the pricing models.

  • Promotion — Promote your product using different channels.

  • Place — Where the product is located → Physical store, online website, App, etc.


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To understand Customers:


1. 5Es:


An acronym and checklist to help brainstorm different stages of the customer experience. The 5Es framework helps you build a customer journey map effortlessly. Here are the 5Es:

  • Entice — Entice the user to use your product.

  • Enter — Make them enter and explore your product.

  • Engage — Engage and hook the user.

  • Exit — User performs the action.

  • Extend — Foster a strong relationship with the user so that the user keeps on coming.



2. AIDA:

AIDA framework is popularly used to optimize marketing channel and communication. It describes the effect of advertising media and helps to explain how an advertisement or marketing communications message engages and involves consumers in brand choice,

  • Attention — Same as Entice.

  • Interest — Get the customer interested in your product.

  • Desire — Convince the user that they want your product.

  • Action — Making the user do the specific action → Sign Up, Purchase or Play.


3. REAN:


What should your digital strategy look like? How should you market your product? Are you using the right channels? The REAN model, popularised by Steve Jackson help product manager or product marketers to answers such questions.

  • Reach — Activities required to reach users.

  • Engage — Engage the user with your product.

  • Activate — Same as action.

  • Nurture — Same as extend.


Different Pricing Models -

  1. Free or Ads-Supported — Its ad-driven business model similar to Facebook or Google.

  2. Freemium — These are products and services you get it for free but you need to pay for the premium version/services.

  3. Tiered — Different types of prices segmented by volume, customer, or features (SaaS Model).

  4. Ala-Carte — Pricing each feature/service separately (upgrades).

  5. Subscription — You pay out a subscription fee for the product/service.

  6. Free Trial — Short Term trial at the beginning, once the users get hooked you ask for money.

  7. Razor Blade Model — Similar to razors, where razors are cheaper but blades are expensive so that the users have to keep on purchasing the blades.


Product Design Frameworks -

  1. Problem → Company Goals → Compare the existing solution → Customer and Market → Use Cases / Pain Points → Vision and Brainstorm → Prioritize and Trade-off → Summary



  2. CIRCLES

  • Comprehend — What, Who, Why, How??? → Goals and Metrics.

  • Identify Customers — Who are your Target Customers?

  • Report customer needs — List the Pain Points (Create a vision from the pain points).

  • Cut through prioritization — Prioritize your features/problem statements.

  • List Solutions — List down your solution, show your creativity.

  • Evaluate Trade-offs — Discuss the Trade-offs.

  • Summarise — Give an overall summary of the above.



  1. SCAMPER

    A creative thinking framework used to develop innovative ideas for a topic, product, or service.

    • Substitute - What components of the topic can be substituted?

    • Combine - What ideas, products, or services can be added to the original topic?

    • Adjust - How can the topic be altered to be more flexible and adaptable?

    • Modify - What components can be enhanced, reduced, or changed?

    • Put to other uses - How can the topic, product, or service be used in different scenarios or situations?

    • Eliminate - What ideas or components can be removed?

    • Reverse, Rearrange - What new approaches can be formed from the original topic?


Product Metrics Frameworks -

  1. AARM:

    • Acquisition — Tracking customer signups for a service.

    • Activation — Getting users that have completed registration.

    • Retention — Getting users to use the service often and behave in a way that helps the user or business.

    • Referral — Do they like it enough to tell their friends?.

    • Monetization — Collecting revenue from users.


  1. HEART:

    • Happiness — By Surveys, Net Promoter Score, ‘Love’ Feedback ratio.

    • Engagement — Check DAU/MAU, Sessions, and frequency.

    • Adaption — New Users and Usage.

    • Retention — Cohort → # users in the cohort [2nd time period]/# users…[1st time period].

    • Task Success — Time completed tasks or errors.



  2. Engagement/Retention — Three Loops:

    • First Loop — Data Loop → Adding information in the platform.

    • Second Loop — Compulsion Loop → Using the product/service again and again.

    • Third Loop — Viral Loop → Inviting more friends on the platform.


Product Launch Frameworks -


  1. Market → Users → Features → Distribution → Rollout → Buzz → Partnerships → Risks.


  2. Pre-launch Activities → Launch Activities → Post Launch Activities.


  3. AITP:

    An analytical model that tracks the customer journey towards a purchase of a product or service. There are four general steps, indicated by the AITP acronym:

    • Awareness - Bring recognition to a product brand.

    • Interest - Stir fascination with a product (what it does, how it works, and what benefit it delivers.)

    • Trial - Compel a prospective user to try the product.

    • Purchase - Get the customer to buy into the product.


  4. MOB:

    A marketing framework that evaluates the effectiveness of a product advertisement or commercial.

    • Memorable - Does the ad grab your attention? Is it worthy of future discussion with your friends, acquaintances, and social media?

    • Oh, Product - Is this product and brand promoted clearly and definitively?

    • Benefit - Does the ad explain and provide evidence for the product’s benefit? Is there a clear reason why the consumer should choose this product over a competitor’s?




Feature Prioritization Frameworks -


  1. RICE:

    • Reach - How many people you estimate your initiative will reach in a given timeframe.

    • Impact - How many new conversions for your project will result in? (Scale of 1-5).

    • Confidence - How confident are you about its impact? (in Percentage %).

    • Effort - Estimate the total amount of time a project will require from all members of your team: product, design, and engineering.

    For more details.

Once you decide the list of features or request which you plan to work, but wondering which one to pick or test first, below prioritization frameworks help you in that:

  • Impact vs Effort.

  • Weighted scoring.

  • Kano Model.



While creating a new product/feature we can take a bottoms-up approach i.e. start will the problems of the end consumers or a top-down approach i.e. start will the goals of the company and use the above frameworks to structure our thought process.



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Decision Making Framework -




How do you take product decisions involving multiple stakeholders with consent?

  1. SPADE -

    • Setting - What, When, and Why of the product or its feature.

    • People - Identify the people who should consult (give input), approve, and most importantly, a single person who is responsible.

    • Alternatives - Brainstorm and come up with a set of alternatives that are feasible and realistic, diverse (they should not all be micro-variants of the same situation), and comprehensive.

    • Decide - Once you've laid out all the alternatives—complete with their respective pros and cons and quantitative modelsーit's time to get your consultants to vote. Get feedback privately.

    • Explain - Call a meeting, Broadcast your decision, and add it to the S.P.A.D.E. log.






Frameworks used in Interviews:

Behavior Problems -


  1. STAR :

    Do you struggle to give concise answers to interview questions? Are you unsure how to share your accomplishments during an interview without sounding boastful? The STAR interview response technique can help.

    • Situation - Describe the context.

    • Task - Describe the responsibility in that situation.

    • Action - Describe how you completed the task or endeavored to meet the challenge.

    • Result - Finally, explain the outcomes or results generated by the action taken.


  1. DIGS Method:


    To get a job offer, candidates have to do just two things: be likable and show credibility that they can do the job. DIGS Method is a behavioral interview framework that promotes credibility and likability in your response.

    • Dramatize the situation - Provide context and details that emphasize the importance of your job, project, or product.

    • Indicate the alternatives - Be thoughtful and analytical by listing three different approaches to a problem.

    • Go through what you did - Convince the listener that you were the driving force.

    • Summarize your impact - Provide numbers and qualitative statements that validate your impact.

  1. Rule of Three:

    A communication principle that suggests that responses that are bundled in threes are more effective and satisfying.


Estimation Problems -

  1. Issue or Logical Tree to break the Problem.

  2. Top-Down or Bottom’s Up Approach.



Critiquing Design -

  • Is the feature/product innovative?

  • Is it useful?

  • Is it trustworthy?


5 Why’s -

A technique to determine the cause of a particular situation. It involves asking “Why?” in succession. It is also used in determining the Root Cause of a particular issue.


5W’s & H -


A checklist of questions to get the complete facts on a situation. For example, when understanding a new product, here is what listeners want to know:

  • What is it?

  • Who is it for?

  • Why do they need it?

  • When is it available?

  • Where is it available?

  • How does it work?


Customer Segmentation (RFM)-

One of the best customer segmentation technique based on user behavior. It groups customers based on their history (how recently, how often, and how much) and sends marketing communication accordingly.

  • Recency.

  • Frequency.

  • Monetization.

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  • Product Improvement

    • How to answer Product Improvement Questions? [FREE]

    • Common Mistakes to avoid while Answering Product Improvement Questions [FREE]

    • How would you improve Gmail?

    • How would you improve LinkedIn? [FREE]

    • How would you improve Grammarly?

    • How would you improve Google Maps? [~FREE]

    • How would you improve WhatsApp?

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    • List of all Product Improvement Questions and Answers

  • Product Design

    • How to Answer Product Design Questions?

    • How to Discover User Pain Points? [FREE]

    • How to do User Grouping? [FREE]

    • How would you critique a product’s design?

    • How would you go about designing a new location-sharing app for Google?

    • How would you design a bookshelf for children?

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    • Is there a user that is not well served by Amazon.com?

    • Design an ATM for the Blind

    • Design Facebook Movies

    • Design a Vending Machine for the Blind people

    • Common Mistakes in Answering Product Design Questions [~FREE]

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  • Behavioral

    • How to Answer Behavioral Interview Screening Questions? [FREE]

    • Describe your day-to-day activities as a Product Manager [FREE]

    • Behavioral Interview Questions - Storytelling Framework [FREE]

    • Why do you want to leave your current company?

    • Why do you want to join our company?

    • How do you Prioritize your Work?

    • How do you deal with Low Performing Employees?

    • What are you looking for in your next role?

    • How do you know a product is well-designed?

    • What's the one thing that excites you the most about Product Management?

    • What is your least favorite aspect of product management?

    • How do you take product decisions involving multiple stakeholders with consent?

    • How do you use research & data to guide your day-to-day decisions?

    • What tools do you use in your day-to-day activities as a Product Manager?

    • Which type of people do you like to work with?

    • Do you have any questions for me?

    • How do you manage conflicts in your team? [FREE]

    • What is your biggest failure as a Product Manager?

    • How would you keep developers in your team motivated to turn out quality work?

    • What are your Strengths and Weaknesses?

    • Tell me about a time you had to make a decision to make short-term sacrifices for long-term gains.

    • How do you say NO to a feature/functionality?

    • How do you work with Engineering Team?

    • How will you manage a team where team members are more experienced than you?

    • How would you Earn the Trust of a Group?

    • Which apps do you use on your cellphone on a daily basis and why? [FREE]

  • Estimation

    • How to Answer Estimation Questions?

    • Estimate the Number of ATMs in India [FREE]

    • Estimate the total number of Airplanes in Air [FREE]

    • Estimate the Total number of Videos on YouTube

    • Estimate the Total number of Uber Rides

    • Estimate Google AdSense revenue

    • Estimate Mobile Ad Revenue for Facebook

    • How much storage space do you need to store all the information from Google maps?

    • Estimate the Number of Self-Driving Cars

    • Estimation: How much do Gmail users cost Google?

    • Estimate the Weight of the Empire State Building

    • Estimate the Number of WhatsApp Chats occurring in India [FREE]

    • Estimate the Detergent usage in India per Day

    • Estimate the Number of Mobile Phones Sold in India annually

    • Estimate the Number of Hours spent on Smart Phones by all Indians

    • Estimate the Number of Golf balls that can fit in a School Bus

    • Estimate Airbnb's Revenue

    • Estimate the Area of India

    • Estimate the Number of Red Color Swift Cars in Delhi

    • Estimate the Number of Tennis balls you can fit in an Aircraft

    • Estimate the Total Length of Roads in your City

    • Estimate the Market Size of Disposable Diapers in India

    • Estimate the Number of Refrigerators sold in India every year

    • How much does a Salon owner make in India?

    • Common Mistakes to avoid while Answering Estimation Questions

  • Product Metrics

    • How to Answer Product Metrics Questions?

    • How would you measure the success of Lyft Shuttle?

    • How would you evaluate the success of Reactions on Facebook?

    • How would you evaluate the success of Instagram Stories? [FREE]

    • How would you set goals for Facebook Events?

    • How would you measure the success of Gmail?

    • How would you measure the success of Amazon Echo?

    • How would you measure the success of Facebook Stories?

    • How would you measure the success of Google Photos?

    • Success Metrics for Airbnb’s Experiences feature

    • What metrics would you look at as a PM for Instagram ads?

    • Common Mistakes to avoid while Answering Product Metrics Questions

  • Product Pricing

    • How to Answer Product Pricing Questions?

    • How would you price an Apple Home device?

    • Common Mistakes to avoid while Answering Product Pricing Questions

  • PM Interview Experiences

    • Facebook - Product Manager Interview Questions [FREE]

    • Microsoft - Product Manager Interview Questions [FREE]

    • Amazon - Product Manager Interview Questions [FREE]

    • Google - Product Manager Interview Questions 1 [FREE]

    • Google - Product Manager Interview Questions 2 [FREE]

    • LinkedIn - Product Manager Interview Questions [FREE]

    • Uber - Product Manager Interview Questions [FREE]

    • Lyft - Product Manager Interview Questions [FREE]

    • Spotify - Product Manager Interview Questions [FREE]

    • Junglee Games - Product Manager Interview Experience. [FREE]

    • UpGrad - Product Manager Interview Experience.

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    • Flipkart - Product Manager Interview Experience.

    • Nykaa - Product Manager Interview Experience.

    • Uber - Product Manager Interview Experience.

  • Product Launch

    • How to Answer Product Launch Questions?

    • How would you launch Lyft in India?

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    • Common Mistakes to avoid while Answering Product Launch Questions

  • PM Technical Interview

    • How to Answer Product Manager Technical Interview Questions?

    • What happens when you type a URL in the browser?

    • How does TinyURL work? [FREE]

    • Common Mistakes to avoid while Answering Product Manager Technical Questions

  • A/B Testing

    • How to Answer A/B Testing Questions?

    • Decide between displaying Facebook’s ‘People You May Know’ or an Advertisement?

    • Common Mistakes to avoid while Answering AB Testing Questions

  • Product Execution

    • How to Answer Problem Solving Questions?

    • Product Execution: Decline in TikTok Usage

    • Product Execution - Decline in Flipkart's Cart Additions

    • Product Execution: Uber Product Manager Interview - Increase in Cancel Rates

    • Problem Execution - Decline in Facebook Groups Usage

    • Drop in Netflix's Key Metric

    • What would you do if there is a High Acquisition but Low Retention?

    • Common Mistakes to avoid while Answering Product Manager Problem-Solving Questions

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  • Product Roadmap

    • How to Answer Product Roadmap Questions?

    • How would you prioritize new product features for Facebook?

    • Product Roadmap: Micro-Tragedy in Ride-Sharing App

  • Product Strategy

    • How to Answer Product Strategy Questions?

    • Which channels would you use to increase top-of-the-funnel activities for Duolingo?

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    • How would you launch Facebook's Dating Platform?

    • Should Facebook consolidate its messaging apps?

    • Common Mistakes to avoid while Answering Product Strategy Questions

  • Product Trade-off

    • How to Answer Product Tradeoff Questions?

    • Decide between displaying Facebook’s ‘People You May Know’ or an Advertisement?

  • Google Product Manager Interview [FREE]

    • Google Product Manager Interview Guide 1

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    • Facebook Product Manager Interview Guide - Part 1

    • Facebook Product Manager Interview Guide - Part 2

    • Facebook - Product Manager Interview Questions

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Ultimate List of Product Management Interview Frameworks

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2 Comments
Tikam Singh Alma
Writes The Philomath Chronicle
Nov 20, 2022Liked by My PM Interview

Best resources thanks for sharing.

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Pete H
Sep 14, 2020Liked by My PM Interview

4D Framework (discovery-design-delivery-deduction) found from product-frameworks.com link

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